Conservative management of comminuted central tarsal bone fracture and joint instability in a horse

A comminuted fracture of the central tarsal bone, fragmentation of the fourth tarsal bone and associated joint instability was diagnosed in a 14‐year‐old Sport Horse mare who presented for investigation of acute nonweightbearing hindlimb lameness. The mare responded well to conservative management and, unlike previously reported cases of similar injuries, returned to a similar level of athletic activity.     

Catastrophic biaxial proximal sesamoid bone fractures in UK Thoroughbred races (1999–2004): Horse characteristics and racing history

Reason for performing study: Catastrophic biaxial proximal sesamoid bone fractures (PSBF) have not yet been described in detail in the UK racing population. Objectives: To determine the incidence and relative risk (RR) of PSBF in different types of racing in the UK; and to describe horse‐level characteristics and racing histories of horses sustaining these injuries. Methods: Distal limbs were collected from all racehorses suffering catastrophic fractures during racing at all 59 racecourses in the UK, in a prospective study from February 1999 to December 2004. Post mortem investigation identified the anatomical location and type of fracture. Horse, racing history, race and racecourse details were obtained. Characteristics of the horses that sustained PSBF were described. The incidence and RR of PSBF in the different types of racing in the UK were calculated. Results: Thirty‐one horses suffered PSBF during the study period. The incidence of PSBF in all types of race was 0.63 per 10,000 starts (31/494,744). The incidence was highest in flat races on all weather surfaces (1.63 per 10,000 starts: 12/73,467; RR = 4.4 when compared to turf flat racing). Affected horses had an average age of 5.6 years and had started a mean of 28 races at the time of fracture. Conclusion and potential relevance: There is a strong association between type of racing surface and PSBF. Horses competing in flat races on all weather surfaces have an increased risk of PSBF. These fractures appear to happen in experienced horses with several starts, with few fractures occurring within the first season of racing. Further research should focus on identification of underlying pathology of these fractures. Epidemiological studies aimed at the identification of risk factors for PSBF in the UK racing population would require a large number of cases acquired over many years given the relatively low incidence of PSBF.     

黄瓜子和生菜子提取物促进骨折愈合的试验研究

本试验主要研究黄瓜子和生菜子合用促进骨折愈合的作用及其初步机理。将蛋鸡60只,体重1.75～2.25 kg,造成右侧小腿中段横行闭合骨折模型,随机分为数目相等的高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组,阳性对照组和阴性对照组。试验组以不同比例的黄瓜子和生菜子提取物灌胃给药,阳性对照组以麝香接骨胶囊灌胃给药,阴性对照组以生理盐水灌胃,随后对各组进行动态观察、组织学观察、血清学观察和放射学观察。结果显示,黄瓜子和生菜子提取物中剂量组可促进全身代谢反应,提高血清碱性磷酸酶含量,加快血肿吸收机化,提高血钙、磷离子浓度,提高骨痂生成量和强度。结果表明黄瓜子和生菜子提取物可以通过提高钙、磷离子浓度,促进钙、磷向骨折断端转移而对骨折的愈合起到促进作用。     

神经生长因子对兔下颌骨骨折愈合的影响

目的 探讨神经生长因子(NGF)对下颌骨骨折愈合的作用.方法 30只白兔随机分为NGF组和对照组,每组15只;制作右下颌骨骨折模型,立即行钛夹板固定.实验组行NGF 0.4μg/d局部注射,对照组用生理盐水替代.术后第7、14、28天处死,切取下颌骨,利用骨密度仪和钼靶X-测量骨折处骨痂密度和灰度,骨组织切片作形态计量...     

Tensile fracture properties of seven tropical grasses at different phenological stages

The intake of forage grasses by grazing ruminants is closely related to the mechanical fracture properties of grasses. The relationship between the tensile fracture properties of grasses and foraging behaviour is of particular importance in tropical reproductive swards composed of both stems and leaves. This study (i) quantified and compared the tensile fracture properties of stems and leaves of seven tropical grass species and (ii) provided insight into the underlying plant traits that explain differences in fracture properties between species. Fracture force, tensile strength, fracture energy and toughness of stems (in various phenological stages) and leaves were measured and compared among five introduced tropical grasses (Cenchrus ciliaris, Chloris gayana, Digitaria milanjiana, Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum), Setaria sphacelata) and two native tropical grasses (Setaria surgens and Dichanthium sericeum). Species differed significantly in fracture force and fracture energy, with stems and leaves of C. ciliaris and S. surgens requiring less force and energy to fracture and stems and leaves of M. maximus and S. sphacelata requiring more force and energy to fracture in comparison with the other species. Differences in tensile strength and toughness were less pronounced. The differences among species in fracture force and energy mainly resulted from differences in cross‐sectional area of plant parts rather than from differences in tensile strength and toughness.     

桃仁四物汤联合鹿瓜多肽治疗创伤性骨折的临床观察

目的 观察桃仁四物汤联合鹿瓜多肽治疗创伤性骨折的临床效果。方法 纳入2015年8月至2017年8月于本院收治的86例创伤性骨折患者为对象,按照随机数字表法分为两组,每组43例。两组均接受常规基础治疗,在此前提下对照组予以鹿瓜多肽治疗,观察组实施桃仁四物汤+鹿瓜多肽联合疗法,以7 d为1个疗程,均持续治疗6个疗程。对比两组消肿止痛时间、骨痂出现时间、骨折愈合时间,观察中医证候疗效及治疗前后中医证候积分变化,并分析不良反应发生状况。结果 观察组消肿止痛时间、骨痂出现时间、骨折愈合时间均显著短于对照组（P<0.01）;观察组总有效率为90.7%,对照组为72.1%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后中医证候积分（疼痛、肿胀、局部压痛、纵向叩击痛、瘀斑）均明显下降（P<0.01）,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.01）;两组治疗期间均未见明显不良反应。结论 桃仁四物汤与鹿瓜多肽联合治疗创伤性骨折疗效显著,骨折愈后时间短,安全性高。     

四君子汤合五味消毒饮加减预防老年髋部骨折术后切口感染临床研究

目的 观察四君子汤合五味消毒饮加减预防老年髋部骨折术后切口感染的临床疗效。方法 选取老年髋部骨折拟择期手术患者50例,按照随机数字表法分为治疗组26例与对照组24例。对照组术前、术后给予五水头孢唑林钠预防性治疗1次,治疗组术后预防性抗生素治疗同对照组,同时术后加服四君子汤合五味消毒饮加减。观察比较两组术后切口感染发生率、第1、3、7、14 天白细胞总数、超敏C反应蛋白、体温等指标,以评估预防术后切口感染疗效。结果 术后切口感染率分别为治疗组0%,对照组16.7%,两组感染率比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;治疗组白细胞总数、C反应蛋白、体温在术后第1、3、7天均低于对照组（P<0.05）,术后第14天两组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 四君子汤合五味消毒饮加减预防老年髋部骨折术后切口感染疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

1例犬髌骨脱位的诊断与治疗

1例两后肢内翻犬,经一般检查和X射线检查确诊为双侧髌骨内侧脱位,对其实施外侧韧带叠加术,两患肢恢复正常。文章就髌骨脱位的诊断和治疗提出了建议,以期对犬髌骨脱位的临床诊疗提供一些参考。     

巴楚隆起西段色力布亚断裂在含油气系统下的封堵性能

分析了巴楚隆起西段色力布亚断裂构造及演化特征,并将色力布亚断裂置于含油气系统之内进行了研究,以对该断裂的封堵性以及其对成藏的控制作用有更清楚的认识。研究结果表明,色力布亚断裂构造带处于巴楚断隆西南缘,“古高新高”均是多期油气运移的有利指向,且断裂南段下盘构造带为勘探优选目标。     

锯链传动片疲劳试验失效分析

国产锯链在高速空载疲劳试验时出现早期损坏,其寿命比同型号的OREGON锯链短很多。通过化学成分、金相组织、表面硬度及零件制造精度的检测对比分析,认为这是由于国产锯链传动片、连接片和切齿片的制造精度不高,实际孔距尺寸偏大,使得锯链节距大于链轮分度圆节距。这时锯链与链轮的相互位置关系就无法保证,锯链与链轮的啮合状况变坏,传动过程中将产生冲击、滑移窜动、爬高、张力波动等现象,使锯链的负荷成倍增加,尤其是传动片清理齿齿尖部位承受长期反复的冲击载荷,从而导致早期疲劳断裂。提高零件制造精度后,锯链与链轮的啮合状况正常,高速空载疲劳试验寿命达到要求。